Cigarette display is the decoration of shop windows, areas near cash registers and special shelves in supermarkets by placing cigarettes against a bright background in frames, cases and panels. At the same time, bright design solutions, lightening and accessories with tobacco brands are used. The picture is complemented by the fact that the design of cigarette packs has also non-standard approaches to making their appearance better and more interesting[1].

Cigarette displays as an advertising tool for sales promotion

Cigarette displaying as an advertising tool has become popular after the monopoly distribution company “Megapolis” (renamed as TEDIS Ukraine in 2016) was set up in 2011[2]. It is significant that “Megapolis” was founded by the structures of a Russian billionaire Igor Kesaev, who owns a Russian enterprise that produces weapons for the Russian Armed Forces. Nowadays, I. Kesaev is not officially a beneficiary or founder of TEDIS Ukraine, but the “Ukrayinska Pravda” journalists have found evidence that the company is still associated with him[3].

The need for a legislative ban on the cigarette display as a form of sales promotion is caused by principles of public policy on tobacco use prevention and Ukraine’s international obligations, namely those related to the 2016 WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)[4]. According to Article 13, Ukraine, as a Party to the Convention, has undertaken a comprehensive ban of all tobacco promotion. Furthermore, paragraph 12, the Article 13 of Guidelines explicitly states that even display of tobacco products at points of sale in itself constitutes advertising and promotion, and paragraph 13 requires a total ban on any display and the visibility of tobacco products at points of sale[5]. The deadline for implementation of these norms in the national legislation of Ukraine expired on September 4, 2011. In this case, delaying the implementation of the display ban essentially creates a preferential marketing regime for the tobacco industry, which also violates Article 5.3 of the FCTC[6].

All-Ukrainian monitoring 2013[7]–2014[8] conducted by the Coalition for Tobacco Free Ukraine showed that the following forms of cigarette displays are most commonly used at points of sale:

  • Cigarette displays take up a large part – mostly half – of windows;
  • Packs are placed in a special frame or display;
  • Separate packs are backlit;
  • Packs are placed against special background drawings;
  • Cigarette displays are located at the most favorable points of shop windows: at consumers eye level, above the cash register, to the right of the kiosk sales window;
  • Using enlarged layouts of packs;
  • Bright price stickers, trade accessories with tobacco brands, cash trays;
  • Price labels are placed directly on packs and cover warnings.

Therefore, cigarettes are placed to be immediately visible to potential buyers who are just entering the store or passing near the kiosk. Moreover, cigarettes are often placed near candy and/or toys. According to the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in Ukraine (GATS 2017), 72% of Ukrainians consider such cigarette displays as a form of advertising[9]. According to a study in 2016, children aged 7-10 also consider cigarette displays as advertising and smoking promotion[10]. A global survey of young people on tobacco use in Ukraine among young people aged 13-15 (GYTS 2017) found that over 60% of young people noticed any tobacco advertising or promotion at points of sale[11]. A recent UNICEF survey in the fall of 2018 found similar data: 60.4% of young people saw cigarette advertising, 56.8% of them noticed it in kiosks, 48.9% saw it in supermarkets near cash registers and only 25.5%, on the Internet[12].

In 2015, there were over 90,000 points of cigarette sales in Ukraine. According to monitoring carried out a year earlier, in 2014, at least 77% of points of sale use special equipment[13]. Most often, the points of sale are located near schools[14], universities and bus-stops. Experts on tobacco control say that cigarette displays are primarily aimed at children, young people and those who quitted or are trying to quit[15]. These findings are supported by a study of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, which was carried out in 2016 in cooperation with the NGO Advocacy Center “Life”[16].

The psychological mechanism of the display is that placing cigarettes at children eye level, along with popular youth products such as sweets or magazines, creates social tolerance for smoking, and the use of bright design solutions leads young people to the idea that smoking is not only acceptable but also fashionable. The mechanism of the display works as a reminder for people intending to quit. At the same time, tobacco companies regularly update visual components of the shop window, so that people do not get used to it and constantly pay attention to new bright visual effects. Therefore, a special display of cigarettes provokes spontaneous purchases and influences the final choice of the buyer. Thus, children who see cigarettes in bright shop windows are 64% more likely to start smoking[17], and 38% of smokers who try to quit smoking agree that the presence of tobacco products in shop windows causes cravings for smoking[18]. According to a survey conducted by the Kyiv School of Economics in 2016, adolescents are almost daily trying to buy cigarettes in 70% of Kyiv kiosks[19].According to the “Ekonomichna Pravda (Economic Truth)” online media outlet, the fact that the cigarette display is the most effective advertising tool is also unofficially confirmed by the tobacco industry itself. Each tobacco company has its own sales representatives, who place special equipment at the points of sale and control that their company cigarettes occupy the most favorable places in windows and outnumber competitors. Sales representatives keep special records of all points of sale, where, after each visit, they fix data on the type of equipment installed there, the number and specific placement of cigarette packs of their companies and competitors on shelves. This information is later compared with the sales results at the point. Tobacco suppliers and representatives of the tobacco companies are regularly updating displays. Owners of points of sale, in turn, receive fees for the placement of special equipment. Representatives of tobacco companies compete for the most profitable places for display, which gives significant revenue to owners of points of sale[20].

According to the Kyiv School of Economics, the ban on cigarette displays can reduce the likelihood of smoking initiating or continuing by 23%[21]. Moreover, an addition result of the ban will be in reducing the cost of treatment for diseases caused by smoking.

The ban on the visible placement of tobacco product packs has already been implemented in many countries, including Canada, Iceland, the United Kingdom, Norway, Finland, Ireland, Croatia, Turkey, Belarus, Russia, Australia, New Zealand, Nepal, Panama, Kenya and Thailand. The positive effect of such measures is confirmed by the experience of the most progressive European countries. For example, Iceland introduced a ban on the visible placement of tobacco product packs in 2001, which made it possible to have the following data: 28% of adolescent Icelanders smoked cigarettes (at least monthly) in 1999 and in 2011, this level dropped to 10%. Norway banned the visible placement of tobacco packs in stores in 2010, and a smoking rate among adolescents dropped from 19% in 2007 to 14% in 2011[22]. In Canada, after the ban on cigarette displays, smoking rates among adolescents aged 15-19 dropped from 22% (2002) to 12% (2011)[23].

It is worth noting that the Ukrainian society also advocates for the legal ban on cigarette displays: during 2017-2019, support for the ban on cigarette display at points of sale increased from 68% to 84%[24].

History of legal regulation of cigarette displays in Ukraine

Representatives of international health organizations notice that the tobacco industry in Ukraine uses tactics that combine sales promotion and sponsorship, which can directly influence the attitude to smoking and consequently tobacco consumption, especially among women and young people[25]. In 2009, the draft Law №5164 “On amendments to certain legislative acts of Ukraine (regarding a ban on advertising, sponsorship and promotion of tobacco products)” was registered[26]; this draft law was important because it contained definitions of sales promotion and completely prohibited any forms of direct and indirect incentives, particularly directly at the tobacco products points of sale (amendments to Article 16 of the Law of Ukraine “On measures to prevent and reduce the consumption of tobacco products and their harmful influence on the population’s health”).

The draft law gained a constitutional majority in the first reading. According to the deputy of the 7th convocation Lesya Orobets, her article in “Ukrayinska Pravda”, such support activated the tobacco lobby, and the document faced considerable opposition during the subsequent stages of the legislative process. While preparing the second reading, the deputies filed 70 amendments[27]. Tobacco control expert Andriy Skipalskyi told “Ukrayinska Pravda” that one of the blocks of amendments proposed by People’s Deputy Olena Kondratyuk was aimed to exclude from the text of the law both the very definition of “sales promotion” and most of the activities that stimulate tobacco sales[28]. To process the amendments, it was created a working group, which included 10 members who were systematically involved in the lobbying of tobacco industry interests[29], in particular: Ukrtyutyun’s[30] lawyer Volodymyr Halchenko, former Acting Director-General of Ukrtyutyun Svitlana Yevdoshenko, Director-General of Ukrtyutyun Valentyna Khomenko and Director of the lobby organization “SES-Ukrayina” Oleksandr Lenhauer. As a result, two opposing draft law versions, anti-tobacco and pro-tobacco, were submitted to the committee. The latter one was filed with procedural violations; it did not only introduce new restrictions on tobacco advertising but also complicate the effect of previously adopted rules[31].

Nine months after the vote on the first reading, the Committee on Freedom of Speech and Information, considering both versions of the draft law, adopted the anti-tobacco version as the basis. Nevertheless, in the second reading, when considering the prohibition on the sales promotion, the members of the Parliament did not support the version presented by the committee. Thus the original version of Article 16, which contained an absolute prohibition on the tobacco sales promotion, was actually approved. Subsequently, a falsified text of the draft law was submitted for signature to the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Volodymyr Lytvyn. That text did not consist of amended Article 16, which prohibits the promotion of tobacco products[32]. Volodymyr Lytvyn returned both versions of the draft law to the profile committee in order for the committee members to provide him with a single agreed version. However, due to the influence of the tobacco lobby, the committee did not provide any text for several months. Mr Lytvyn did not wait for the committee response and signed the law 5 months after the vote on the second reading (you can find more information in the Andriy Skipalskyi’s article for “Ukrayinska Pravda”)[33].

After the failure in the Parliament, the tobacco industry tried to prevent the law signing by the President. Thus, the Ukrainian Association of Tobacco Producers Ukrtyutyun sent a letter to Prime Minister Mykola Azarov requesting a meeting. The association’s representatives stated in their letter that the President’s signature under the Law №3778 (the draft law №5164) would lead to the suspension of legal production of tobacco products in Ukraine, resulting in, according to them, lost of billions of hryvnias by the state budget from taxes and hundreds of thousands of working places by citizens of Ukraine[34]. Similar requests to the Presidential Administration came from the State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Association of Press Publishers and other entities involved in tobacco lobbying[35]. Despite the tobacco industry intervention, on March 13, 2012, former President Viktor Yanukovych signed the law[36].

Tobacco control expert Andriy Skipalskyi believes that the main reason why the tobacco lobby puts obstacles in the way of the Law №3778 is the ban on advertising in areas of cash registers and kiosks, which are the source of huge annual profits for tobacco corporations[37]. Another expert, former MP Hanna Hopko, explains for “Ukrayinska Pravda” that the tobacco industry, despite its enormous profits, is losing consumers: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians quit smoking and a large number of smokers die. To maintain a profit, tobacco corporations constantly need new consumers, and it is much easier to find them among children and young people[38]. However, legal restrictions after direct tobacco advertising, the tobacco industry began more actively using new marketing methods, such as hidden advertising and sales promotion. According to the World Bank experts, a total ban may reduce smoking by 7%, as opposed to a low-effective partial ban on advertising[39]. Thus, the ideas in the law to prevent the involvement of young people in smoking pose a serious threat of declining profits for tobacco corporations. Six international health care organizations made similar conclusions supporting Law №3778 in their appeal to Viktor Yanukovych[40].

A legal loophole in regulating the ban on cigarette display

When the law №3778 entered into force, direct advertising completely disappeared from the points of sale. This was confirmed by the coalition of NGOs “For Smoke-Free Ukraine.” However, the annual monitoring of the coalition representatives shows that tobacco companies continue to use different methods of sale promotion, which are not directly stated in the legislation, namely, a special cigarette packs display in cash register zones and shop windows. According to the coalition, such forms of promotion are most frequently used by supermarkets (85%) and kiosks (84%), it is less used by mini-markets (60%)[41].

As it was noted above, the law №3778 prohibits any form of promotion of tobacco products, while the law stipulates that the promotion means any transfer of commercial information, the purpose, result or probable result of which is the tobacco consumption[42]. It is obvious that this definition is appropriate for tobacco product displays that use special equipment and visual means to attract attention and create positive associations for a potential buyer. The head of the Department of Advertising and Public Relations of the Institute of Journalism at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv professor Valerii Ivanov expressed the same idea in his expert opinion[43].

However, pretending that the tobacco products display, as a marketing tool, is not directly stated in the legislation, the tobacco lobbyists managed to succeed in blocking the implementation of this rule. The tobacco companies argue that the display is a shop window decoration and/or provide the consumer with product information, not advertising. During a press conference at the UNIAN news agency, the lawyer of the “Smoke-Free Kyiv” project of the Center for Democracy and Rule of Law Petro Korol said that despite the manipulative nature of such position, the regulatory authorities took the side of the tobacco industry[44]. Shortly after the acceptance of the legislative amendments mentioned above, increasingly aggressive cigarette displays began to appear over time. Thus, it became clear that the only solution to this problem could be a direct legislative ban on the display and any visual exhibition of cigarettes at points of sale.

The draft law №4030a: Direct ban on the cigarette display

To bridge the existing gap in legislation and protect children and young people from the influence of covert cigarette advertising, in July 2016, 19 MPs from different factions registered the draft law №4030a[45]. The draft law №4030a “On amendments to certain legislative acts of Ukraine (to protect public health from harmful influence of tobacco smoke)” provides for a total ban on the visible placement of cigarette packs at the points of sale, the definition of the term “premises”, and 100% increase in the number of places free from tobacco smoke, as well as an increase in the amount of fines for individuals who violate the smoking ban in public places. According to the provisions of the draft law, the adult buyer will be able to see the A4 price list of available cigarettes with their prices to get acquainted with the existing assortment of tobacco products and, if necessary, to ask for packs to make the final choice.

The draft law has been approved by WHO[46] and is in line with European integration commitments of our country. On April 12, 2017, the profile Committee on Public Health unanimously recommended the draft law №4030a for adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in the first reading[47]. The Ministry of Health of Ukraine supported the document by the letter №05.1-03/14390 of 25 May 2017. The draft law also received approval from the Reanimation Package of Reforms Coalition organizations[48], the World Bank and 35 organizations which represent the European coalition of “Smoke Free Partnership”[49]. Leading physicians also wrote a letter to the President of Ukraine to support this draft law[50].

Many politicians and public figures have supported the draft law. Among them, there were former Acting Minister of Health Ulana Suprun, former MPs Ihor Lutsenko, Svitlana Zalishchuk, Hanna Hopko, Arthur Palatnyi, Natalia Veselova, ex-chairman of the Committee on Public Health Olga Bohomolets, expert of anti-tobacco movement Yulia Solokha, TV presenter Marychka Padalko, leader of the “Haydamaky” rock band Oleksandr Yarmola, the documentary director Serhiy Lysenko and many others.

An inter-factional deputy group “Na Chasi (It’s Time)” that included 11 MPs was formed in the Verkhovna Rada to promote the draft law №4030a and several other anti-tobacco initiatives[51]. Civil society activists have launched an information campaign titled “Tobacco corporations are hunting for children” to ban cigarette displays[52]. A press tour[53], an all-Ukrainian run, briefings, exhibitions[54], numerous events[55] and performances[56] took place in the framework of the information campaign, and social advertising was also launched[57].

Despite widespread public and international support, more than two years have passed since the draft law was registered, and it was put on the agenda of a plenary session of the Verkhovna Rada. Then, for 8 months, the draft law was not put to vote because it was not included in the upper list of the agenda. Only on May 14, 2019, the draft was put to vote, but MPs did not give enough votes to support it in the first reading.

A cause of failure to vote for the draft law №4030a: Tactics of the tobacco industry interference

Myths of tobacco lobbyists about the ban on displays

As noted above, 84% of the state’s population supports the ban on cigarette displays. This situation is unlikely to be favorable for the tobacco industry. In an attempt to influence public opinion and the position of the so-called “policymakers”, tobacco lobbyists are actively disseminating in the media untrue information about anti-tobacco draft laws, including the law №4030a. So, materials with the following theses regularly appear in the media:

  • Economy and small businesses are affected by the ban on cigarette displays[58]. Yevgen Kuzik explains in “Obozrevatel” that the draft law №4030a does not provide for a ban on the sale of tobacco products and the closure of small businesses or trade enterprises which sell tobacco products. The draft law №4030a also does not regulate trade rules but only prohibits covered tobacco advertising, which is an instrument to protect public health[59];
  • Cigarette displays do not affect the prevalence of smoking, including smoking among adolescents[60]. This thesis is refuted by numerous studies, such as a comprehensive WHO survey[61];
  • The display ban will lead to an increase in illegal trade. However, as noted by Executive Director of the NGO “Life” Lilia Olefir (see an article in “Ukrayinska Pravda”[62]), after the adoption of previous legislative bans on advertising in 2012, the level of smuggling decreased from 3% to 1.5%;
  • Six months is not enough for the points of sale to be reequipped. The experience of other countries, where the ban is imposed, shows that shop windows may be converted even for 2 months;
  • The cigarette display ban violates the consumer’s right to information. According to the draft law, the buyer will see information about the range of tobacco products and prices in the form of a black and white 40×30 cm table in the places of tobacco products sale. After choosing a brand, the buyer will be able to look at selected tobacco products, get all the necessary information and buy it, if desired[63].

The information campaign against the draft law№4030a was launched by “National Retail Organization” (NORT) and its head Yurii Bondarev, together with his Deputy Mykola Ganul, as well as People’s Deputy assistant Marian Zablotskyi, former Deputy Minister of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine Maksym Nefyodov, American Chamber of Commerce and Association of Ukrainian Cities.

Promoted materials with negative comments from NORT representatives appeared in the top Ukrainian media[64] and on Facebook[65]. In 2018, after the draft law was put on the plenary session agenda of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the “Novoe Vremia (New Time)” magazine, in one of the issues, placed a separate A4 size 8-page insert with photos of tobacco kiosk sellers, which allegedly asked not to take their works[66]. This insert consisted of the appeal to MPs not to support the draft law №4030a. According to the tobacco control expert Andriy Skipalskyi, the customer of this “special issue” was NORT. It is important to note that there is no indication that the material was essentially an advertisement or special project to protect the commercial interests of tobacco companies. On May 14, 2019, on the day of voting for the draft law, some women picketed the Verkhovna Rada and distributed these “Novoe Vremia’s” inserts and told passers-by that they could be left without work if the draft law was approved[67]. The appeal against the draft law, on behalf of NORT, was made to the Verkhovna Rada, the Cabinet of Ministers and the President of Ukraine[68].

Representatives of this organization also participated in a meeting of the profile committee. Such NORT activity is not accidental: the president of the organization Yurii Bondarev previously worked in senior positions at the Philip Morris Ukraine tobacco company[69].

Responding to the Association of Ukrainian Cities’s request, Maksym Nefyodov, whose civilian wife works at a metallurgical holding of Rinat Akhmetov and Vadim Novinskyi[70], signed a letter of the Ministry of Economic Development in which he criticized the draft law No.4030a using the tobacco industry-driven arguments[71].

The Association of Ukrainian Cities also sent letters against the adoption of the draft law also to the profile committee of the Verkhovna Rada and the Government[72]. The organization’s Executive Director Oleksandr Slobozhan shared in the media the myth that the ban on cigarette displays will have a negative impact on local budgets[73].

Another author of paid articles (e.g., see a UNIAN article[74]) Marian Zablotskyi received for his NGO “Ukrainian Economic Freedoms Foundation” $ 263,000 from Philip Morris International in 2017-2018[75].

It is worth noting that representatives of the tobacco industry not only acted through their agents in the government authorities but also openly opposed the adoption of the draft law. So, among those who distributed false and manipulative information about cigarette displays in their interviews and publications, there were the Ukrtyutyun Director-General Valentyna Khomenko[76], Corporate Affairs Director at Philip Morris Ukraine Natalia Bondarenko (an interview on the business.ua site[77]) and Corporate Affairs and

Communications Director at JTI Gintautas Dirgela[78]. British American Tobacco Ukraine[79] and Imperial Tobacco[80] also made statements against the ban on cigarette displays.

It is revealing that tobacco lobbyists in other countries have used the same thesis against the ban on cigarette displays as their Ukrainian counterparts do in commercial and governmental organizations[81].

“Pseudo-research”

In the summer of 2016, sellers of 10 shopping kiosks in Kyiv covered showcases with gray films. It was indicated about the “testing of new rules for the placement of tobacco products”; such rules were planned in accordance with the draft law №4030a. Cigarette packs in these places were hidden from consumers, instead, a list of tobacco products with prices was provided on a separate sheet of paper. Customers were interviewed near these kiosks about their attitude to the new decoration of tobacco kiosk windows. Representatives of the coalition of NGOs “For Smoke-Free Ukraine” stated that it was a provocation of tobacco lobbyists. So, activists noted that this “survey” was conducted during the holiday season, when the sales level is traditionally lower, in order to show that the closure of windows resulted in the drop in sales. Besides, according to the norms of the draft law, shop windows do not have to be covered with films, it is enough to put other goods on the place of cigarettes. However, tobacco lobbyists have deliberately distorted the appearance of shopping kiosks to cause customers displeasure[82]. “The experiment was organized by NORT”[83].

One more pseudo-research on the economic impact of the ban on cigarette displays was conducted by Ihor Burakovskyi’s Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting[84]. The study’s authors state that the ban on cigarette displays will not reduce the prevalence of smoking and will lead to an increase in the shadow market[85].

Both studies were used later to defend the position of tobacco lobbyists. Thus, in May 2018, at a roundtable at the Ukrainian Institute for the Future, Ihor Burakovskyi and the NORT’s president Yurii Bondarev opposed the ban on cigarette displays, maintaining their position with research results[86].

Attempts to discredit supporters of the draft law №4030a

In February 2018, Channel 5 broadcasted the “Stop Corruption” TV program entitled “Tobacco Wars,” which contained false and manipulative information aimed at discrediting anti-tobacco movement advocates for the draft law №4030a[87]. The NGO “Life’s” employees and personally ex-chairman of the board Andriy Skipalskyi were accused of inefficient spending of grant funds. The People’s Deputy of Ukraine of the 8th convocation Hanna Hopko was represented in a negative light. The TV program’s authors also stated that Kostiantyn Krasovskyi, the head of the tobacco control sector of the Ukrainian Institute for Strategic Studies, is involved in financial fraud. A few days after the reveal of the story, the NGO “Life” published a statement which substantially denied all allegations and demanded refutation of false information of Channel 5[88]. This example demonstrates that tobacco lobbyists are trying to discredit both the ideas the draft law includes and the authors of these ideas.

Parliamentary lobbying

In August 2016, Olena Masorina, the People’s Deputy of the 8th convocation of the “People’s Front” political party, registered the alternative draft law №4030a-1 in the Verkhovna Rada[89]. The alternative draft law has significant differences and, according to tobacco control experts, contains lobbyists’ rules. In particular, the document contains potential legislative loopholes and provisions that could later be interpreted to benefit of the tobacco industry. For example, the document provides for exceptions that are not subject to the display ban – specially designated points of sale[90]. However, as the practice of law enforcement shows, almost any point of sale may be considered as such a specialized place in the future. Thus, the alternative text completely neutralizes the approach that the main draft law №4030a has. However, Olena Masorina read out the benefits of an alternative document at the profile Committee on Public Health[91], while, at the same time, she criticized the main draft law at the Committee on European Integration[92].

Olena Masorina is known for her systematic efforts to support the tobacco industry within the walls of the Verkhovna Rada[93]. In addition, this MP has participated in numerous blockings of anti-corruption initiatives[94].

In the fall of 2018, Channel “1+1” journalists of the “Money” TV program recorded that MP Vasyl Petyovka sent an SMS message in the Verkhovna Rada asking to block the draft law №4030a[95]. Later, journalists managed to film as V.Petyovka discussed via SMS messages the transportation of trucks with cigarettes.

Despite the clear evidence, in his comment to journalists, the MP did not acknowledge his involvement in the tobacco industry.

Former chairperson of the Committee on Taxation Nina Yuzhanina (the BPP faction in the 8th convocation of the Verkhovna Rada) created the biggest obstacles to the adoption of the draft law №4030a. At the Conciliation Council of the Verkhovna Rada, N.Yuzhanina opposed to putting the draft law on the agenda, despite the fact that the main committee of this draft law is the Committee on Public Health and it did not relate to taxes in any way. N.Yuzhanina also demanded, avoiding ordinary practice, to consider the draft law №4030a along with her draft law №2430-d[96], misrepresenting the facts in her arguments. So, the deputy declared that the draft law№2430-d was developed with the participation of the public and includes the provisions of the draft law №4030a. Both arguments are false. At the same time, only alternative and developed draft laws can be considered jointly under the VRU regulations. It is worth noting that the co-authors of the lobbying draft law №2430-d were the People’s Deputies of the 8th convocation Nina Yuzhanina, Gennady Krivosheya, Yurii Voznyuk, Oleksandr Kirsh, Olena Masorina, Mykhailo Kobtsev, Roman Zastavnyi, Oleh Kryshyn, Roman Matsola, Andriy Shynkovych, Maksym Kuriachyi, Andriy Antonyshchak and Leonid Kozachenko. It is significant that the Ukrtyutyun Director-General Valentyn Khomenko was the assistant on a public basis to the People’s Deputy Leonid Kozachenko[97].

On May 14, 2019, N.Yuzhinina openly opposed the draft law №4030a during its consideration in the first reading[98]. It is striking that the MP initially supported the rule on the display ban in accordance with the draft law №4030-a[99], but after the document was included in the agenda, she took a diametrically opposite position. Nina Yuzhanina systematically opposes anti-tobacco initiatives though she is not a healthcare professional. In this regard, the Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control has included N.Yuzhanina in the list of tobacco lobbyists[100]. In 2019, Nina Yuzhanina also became the winner of the “Golden Scythe” anti-award presented by public health organizations for her role in defending the commercial interests of tobacco corporations against the public interests[101].

It is significant that Nina Yuzhanina regularly becomes the heroine of anti-corruption investigations and publications. For example, the “Antikor” portal’s journalists found out that the People’s Deputy did not declare an elite 11-million-hryvnias[102] apartment in Kyiv, and journalist Oleksandr Dubinsky reported that N.Yuzhinina hid the acquisition of a tourist company and contributing 20 million hryvnias into the authorized capital, registering title to her daughters-in-law[103].

[1] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENT || CIGARETTE ADVERTISEMENT. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://www.tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/rieklama-tiutiunovikh-virobiv-rieklama-sighariet

[2] Futuristic Dreamer. # 7. Shadow Marketing: New Approaches to Tobacco Advertising in Ukraine and in the World. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://cutt.ly/5wFRswA

[3] Ukrayinska Pravda. YANINA KORNIYENKO, ROMAN KYRYCHENKO. The “Metropolis” case. The presidential administration nervously smokes aside. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2016/01/29/7097151/

[4] Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The Convention was ratified by Law No.3534-IV (3534-15) of 15 March 2006. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/897_001

[5] World Health Organization. Guidelines for the application of Article 13 (Advertising, promotion and sponsorship of tobacco products) of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.who.int/fctc/treaty_instruments/article_13_en.pdf?ua=1

[6] Transparency International Ukraine. Analysis of Implementation of Guiding Principles of FCTC Article5.3 Concerning Restriction of the Influence of the Tobacco Industry on Anti-Tobacco Decision-Making in Ukraine. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://ti-ukraine.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Zvit-tiutiun-rekomendatsii.pdf

[7] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. CIGARET DISPLAY SHOULD BE PROHIBITED: PARTICIPANTS OF THE ROUND TABLE DISCUSSED “GAPS” OF THE ANTI-TOBACCO LEGISLATION AND AGREED ON THE FOLLOWING COOPERATION. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/vikladku-sighariet-trieba-zaboroniti-uchasniki-krughlogho-stolu-obghovorili-shparini-diiuchogho-antitiutiunovogho-zakonodavstva-ta-domovilis-pro-podal-shu-spivpratsiu-z-iogho-vdoskonaliennia

[8] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. TWO YEARS WITHOUT CIGARETTE ADVERTISEMENT: HOW THE LAW AND NEW FORMS OF PROMOTION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS ARE EXECUTED. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/dva-roki-biez-rieklami-sigariet-iak-vikonuiet-sia-zakon-ta-novi-formi-prosuvannia-tiutiunovoyi-produktsiyi

[9] Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2017 (GATS 2017). Accessed on 25 Sept. 2017. https://moz.gov.ua/uploads/0/980-ukr_gats_2017_es_ua_web.pdf

[10] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. TOBACCO COMPANIES ARE READY FOR THE FIRST SEPTEMBER! Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://www.tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/tiutiunovi-kompaniyi-do-piershogho-vieriesnia-ghotovi

[11] Global Youth Tobacco Survey in Ukraine (GYTS 2017). Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://drive.google.com/file/d/11VwQClaHl46rr85RviKsjynnvvEVP__1/view

[12] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. 60% OF YOUNG PEOPLE SEE CIGARETTE ADVERTISING IN UKRAINE. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/60-molodi-bachit-rieklamu-sighariet-v-ukrayini

[13] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. TWO YEARS WITHOUT CIGARETTE ADVERTISEMENT: HOW THE LAW AND NEW FORMS OF PROMOTION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS ARE EXECUTED. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/dva-roki-biez-rieklami-sigariet-iak-vikonuiet-sia-zakon-ta-novi-formi-prosuvannia-tiutiunovoyi-produktsiyi

[14] Big Tobacco, Tiny Targets Study, conducted by the NGO “Plast’s”volunteers in June-July 2018 near schools. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/uploads/resource/file/153/5c0ac3dd2bb6f.pdf

[15] Speech of the CEDEM Director Taras Shevchenko on the Rada TV channel. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=641116299618317

[16] The results of a study conducted by the Johns Hopkins School of Health in July-September 2016. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/uploads/elfinder/news/_3AFact-sheet-tobacco_infographic_page1.jpg; http://tinytargets.grassriots.com/

[17] Kyiv School of Economics. Study of the Economics and Features of Tobacco Marketing at Temporary Buildings of Kyiv 2017. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.slideshare.net/KyivSchoolofEconomics/ss-72853291

[18] US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. Search database. The effect of retail cigarette pack displays on an impulse purchase. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18042190

[19] Kyiv School of Economics. Study of the Economics and Features of Tobacco Marketing at Temporary Buildings of Kyiv 2016. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://www.tobaccocontrol.org.ua/uploads/elfinder/news/info2017.png

[20] Ekonomichna Pravda. LERA LAUDA. How kiosks make money at tobacco companies. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.thoughda.com.ua/publications/2014/07/4/473651/

[21] Kyiv School of Economics. Study of the Economics and Features of Tobacco Marketing at Temporary Buildings of Kyiv 2016. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://www.tobaccocontrol.org.ua/uploads/elfinder/news/info2017.png

[22] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. TWO YEARS WITHOUT CIGARETTE ADVERTISEMENT: HOW THE LAW AND NEW FORMS OF PROMOTION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS ARE EXECUTED. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/dva-roki-biez-rieklami-sigariet-iak-vikonuiet-sia-zakon-ta-novi-formi-prosuvannia-tiutiunovoyi-produktsiyi

[23] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. CIGARETTES IN WINDOWS MAKE YOUNG PEOPLE START SMOKING. – CBE Research. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/sigharieti-u-vitrinakh-sponukaiut-molod-pochati-kuriti-doslidzhiennia-kshie

[24] All-Ukrainian study “Thoughts and Views of the Population of Ukraine (Omnibus)” was conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology in February 2019. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://cutt.ly/uw8024R

[25] Letter to the President of Ukraine from International Health Organizations, 2012. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0Gh4rOlkyVwZnAzR3VKc1lRQWVDMXg3XzFWN3Zsdw/view

[26] Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Law of Ukraine No. 3778-VI of September 16, 2012. On amendments to some legislative acts of Ukraine on the prohibition of advertising, sponsorship and promotion of the sale of tobacco products. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3778-17/ed20161204

[27] Ukrayinska Pravda. LESYA OROBETS. Who needs a border meter in the ban on tobacco advertising? Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.pravda.com.ua/columns/2011/06/14/6295746/

[28] Ukrayinska Pravda. ANDRIY SKIPALSKYI. Tobacco precedent: Anti-tobacco law substitution is confirmed. What’s next? Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.pravda.com.ua/columns/2011/11/1/6720418/

[29] Analysis of the composition of the working group on the preparation of the draft law No.5164 for the second reading, provided by the People’s Deputy of the 7th convocation Lesia Orobets. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aB0Li7Qw8yP5X8pwYxMCSF7cnSpPg7oYRbNiIeQxCX60ndRF9KyEHnIHLRAu/view?hl=en_GB

[30] Ukrainian Association of tobacco manufactures

[31] Analysis of amendments to the draft law No. 5164, provided by the People’s Deputy of the 7th convocation Lesya Orobets. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xR0thsVJMxhHXAYVyRfpKFw5uUKJvZjI8MFnsr6yy_z_jDAfTvh-DL9tpK42/view?hl=en_GB

[32] Ukrayinska Pravda. ANDRIY SKIPALSKYI. Tobacco precedent: Anti-tobacco law substitution is confirmed. What’s next? Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.pravda.com.ua/columns/2011/11/1/6720418/

[33] Ukrayinska Pravda. ANDRIY SKIPALSKY. The test of courage. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.pravda.com.ua/columns/2012/03/2/6959869/

[34] Scan copy of the letter of the Ukrtyutyun Ukrainian Association of Tobacco Producers of 27 Feb. 2012. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://eimg.pravda.com/images/doc/3/f/3f51a49-2-original.jpg

[35] Ukrayinska Pravda. ANDRIY SKIPALSKYI. The test of courage. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.pravda.com.ua/columns/2012/03/2/6959869/

[36] Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Law of Ukraine No. 3778-VI of September 16, 2012.” On amendments to some legislative acts of Ukraine on the prohibition of advertising, sponsorship and promotion of the sale of tobacco products”. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3778-17

[37] Ukrayinska Pravda. ANDRIY SKIPALSKY. The test of courage. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.pravda.com.ua/columns/2012/03/2/6959869/

[38] Ukrayinska Pravda. HANNA HOPKO. “Servants of tobacco transnational produced or People’s Deputies? Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/columns/2011/09/21/6603433/

[39] European Commission. Tobacco advertising ban takes effect on 31 July. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-05-1013_en.htm?locale=en#fnB1

[40] Letter to the President of Ukraine from International Health Organizations, 2012. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0Gh4rOlkyVwZnAzR3VKc1lRQWVDMXg3XzFWN3Zsdw/view

[41] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. LAW No. 3778 ON THE PROHIBITION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS ADVERTISING. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/zakon-3778-pro-zaboronu-rieklami-tiutiunovikh-virobiv

[42] Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Law of Ukraine No. 3778-VI of September 16, 2012. “On amendments to some legislative acts of Ukraine on the prohibition of advertising, sponsorship and promotion of the sale of tobacco products”. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3778-17

[43] Head of the Department of Advertising and Public Relations of the Institute of Journalism at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. prof. Valerii Ivanov Expert opinion on the advertising nature of cigarette packs display at points of sale. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://drive.google.com/file/d/10PHYCzeJlrHtOkkooMGfUdnG-3eEnzYA/view

[44] UNIAN YouTube channel. According to the courts and the tobacco industry, such an aggressive display is not a direct violation. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2sfIY6ornSs

[45] Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Draft Law No. 4030a of 19.07.2016 “On amendments to some legislative acts of Ukraine (to protect public health from the  influence of tobacco smoke)”. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=59820

[46] Scan copy of WHO letter of 27 Sept. 2018. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_2OL0CHee_zOVNTSXo3T0Z2UEU3OEVQdmZTMTZNbDU1UnEw/view

[47] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. The COMMITTEE on public HEALTH supported the ban on the cigarettes placement in showcases. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/komitiet-okhoroni-zdorov-ia-pidtrimav-zaboronu-rozmishchiennia-sighariet-u-vitrinakh

[48] Reanimation Package of Reform. The RPR calls on the Verkhovna Rada to support the anti-tobacco draft law No. 4030a in the first reading. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://rpr.org.ua/news/rpr-zaklykaje-verhovnu-radu-pidtrymaty-u-pershomu-chytanni-antytyutyunovyj-zakonoproekt-4030a/

[49] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. 35 EUROPEAN ORGANIZATIONS RECOMMEND PARUBIY TO ADOPT ANTI-TOBACCO LAW # 4030A. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/35-ievropieis-kikh-orghanizatsii-riekomienduiut-parubiiu-priiniati-antitiutiunovii-zakonoproiekt-4030a

[50] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. Doctors ask the president to protect children from tobacco. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/likari-prosiat-priezidienta-zakhistiti-ditiei-vid-tiutiunu

[51] Manifesto of the inter-factional deputy group “Na Chasi.”Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://cutt.ly/lwFHqZt

[52] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. CIGARETTE SHOWCASE LIGHTS IS A TRAP FOR CHILDREN! Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/voghni-sigharietnikh-vitrin-pastka-dlia-ditiei

[53] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. THE PUBLIC REQUIRES TO VOTE ANTI-TOBACCO LAWS BY MAY 31! Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/gromads-kist-vimaghaie-progholosuvati-za-antitiutiunovi-zakoni-do-31-travnia

[54] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. EXHIBITION DEDICATED TO World No Tobacco Day “I VOTE FOR UKRAINE WITHOUT TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENT”. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/vistavka-do-mizhnarodnogho-dnia-vidmovi-vid-kurinnia-ia-gholosuiu-za-ukrayinu-biez-rieklami-tiutiunu

[55] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. TO PROTECT CHILDREN FROM THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY: MPs CALLED TO ADOPT ANTI-TOBACCO LAWS. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/zakhistiti-ditiei-vid-tiutiunovoyi-industriyi-dieputativ-zaklikali-priiniati-antitiutiunovi-zakoni

[56] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. NEW CIGARETTE BRAND “SHKILNI” IS PRESENTED NEAR THE Verkhovna Rada. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/bilia-vierkhovnoyi-radi-priezientuvali-novii-briend-sighariet-shkil-ni

[57] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. SOCIAL ANTI-TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENT STARTED IN KYIV. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/u-kiievi-startuvala-sotsial-na-antitiutiunova-rieklama NGO Advocacy Center “Life”. Tobacco corporations are hunting for children. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.facebook.com/AdvocacyCenterLife/videos/1741460585929569/?v=1741460585929569

[58] Business.Censor.net. Andrii Bondarenko. Why MPs will not ban cigarette display on the counters. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://biz.censor.net.ua/resonance/3100298/pochemu_deputaty_ne_zapretyat_vykladku_sigaret_na_prilavkah

[59] Obozrevatel. Yevgen Kuzik. Cigarette manufacturers are manipulating the facts: the myths about Parliament’s anti-tobacco initiative. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.obozrevatel.com/eng/society/virobniki-sigaret-manipulyuyut-faktami-mifi-pro-antityutyunovu-initsiativu-parliamentu.htm

[60] NV Business. Hintautas Dirgela. Fighting windmills. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://biz.nv.ua/eng/experts/borotba-z-vitrjakami-2473224.html

[61] WHO. Evidence brief. Tobacco point-of-sale display bans. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/339233/who-evidence-brief-pos-ban-eng.pdf

[62] Ukrayinska Pravda. Liliya Olefir. What horror stories tobacco companies will scare people’s deputies. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://life.pravda.com.ua/columns/2019/08/28/238044/

[63] Obozrevatel. Yevgen Kuzik. Cigarette manufacturers are manipulating the facts: the myths about Parliament’s anti-tobacco initiative. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.obozrevatel.com/eng/society/virobniki-sigaret-manipulyuyut-faktami-mifi-pro-antityutyunovu-initsiativu-parliamentu.htm

[64] 112 Ukraine TV channel. Due to the ban on the tobacco products display in the windows, 15-20 thousand people can lose jobs – NORT. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://ua.112.ua/ekonomika/cherez-zaboronu-na-vykladku-tiutiunovykh-vyrobiv-na-vitrynakh-15-20-tys-liudei-mozhut-vtratyty-robochi-mistsia-nort-391525.html

[65] NORT Facebook page. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.facebook.com/nort.org.ua/videos/2112618762135781/?v=2112618762135781

[66] Andriy Skipalskyi’s Facebook page. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.facebook.com/skipalskyi.andriy/posts/10217731646266985

[67] Picket against draft law No. 4030a, May 14, 2019. The video was obtained from the Oleh Slabospitsky’s facebook page. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BbB3wgKNFS6tTAifev3xMYmqaGcoN-PH/view 

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MYzgi8-2ll1ogC8blZ6Edh2YHkRR0wlk/view

 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZGR5IDpZCLAbCwfhYjrgGfdzB-UNgNu4/view

[68] National platform of small and medium business. OKSANA ROMANSKA. More than 11,000 entrepreneurs opposed the closing of showcases. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://platforma-msb.org/bilshe-11000-pidpryyemtsiv-vystupyly-proty-zakryttya-vitryn/

[69] Public Association “National Retail Organization”. The association’s structure. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://nort.org.ua/structura/

[70] STRANA.UA. Oleksii Romanov. A wife receives a secret salary from Akhmetov, and the sister’s husband imports a car. What is known about the new customs chief Nefyodov. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://strana.ua/articles/analysis/210597-chto-zvestno-o-novom-nachalnike-ukrainskoho-tamozhni-maxime-nefedove.html

[71] Letter of the Ministry of Economic Development of Ukraine signed by Maksym Nefyodov. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TbcZ3AAl2udomtqTKIAUWDHok6pRGDof/view

[72] Association of Ukrainian Cities. The Association is concerned about the possible decline in community budget revenues. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://2.auc.org.ua/news/asotsiatsiya-vislovlyue-zanepokoennya-z-privodu-mozhlivogo-soonchennya-dokhodiv-byudzhetiv-gro

[73] Espresso TV. A budget hole of 500 million – the Association of Cities on the initiative of activists to ban on cigarette displays in showcases. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://espreso.tv/news/2018/10/01/byudzhetna_quotdiraquot_v_500_mln_asociaciya_mist_pro_iniciatyvu_aktyvistiv_zaboronyty_vykladku_sygaret_na_vitrynakh

[74] UNIAN. They want to kill Ukrainian small business with the help of “fake research” – expert. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.unian.ua/business/1870099-ukrajinskiy-maliy-biznes-hochut-vbiti-za-dopomogoyu-feykovih-doslidjen-ekspert.html

[75] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. Infographics. “Lobbyists of tobacco companies”. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://cutt.ly/fw4vgea

[76] Ukrainian news. Oleksandr Mazur. General Director of the Ukrtyutun Association Valentyn Khomenko: draft laws on the tobacco industry are registered by specific dates in order to receive valid grants and presence in the media space. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://ukranews.com/interview/1761-valentyna-khomenko-zakonoproekty-po-tabachnoy-otrasly-regystryruyutsya-k-opredelennym-datam-dlya

[77] Business Magazine. “We see our future in innovation related to the creation of alternatives to cigarettes.” Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://business.ua/business/2734-svoe-majbutne-mi-vbachaemo-v-innovatsiyakh-pov-yazanikh-zi-stvorennyam-alternativ-sigaretam

[78] NV Business. Hintautas Dirgela. Fighting windmills. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://biz.nv.ua/eng/experts/borotba-z-vitrjakami-2473224.html

[79] British American Tobacco Ukraine. Regulation of the tobacco industry. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://www.bat.ua/group/sites/BAT_ALAJQW.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/DO9YAMC5

[80] Imperial Tobacco. Imperial Tobacco is against the ban of the product display and the introduction of the specialized tobacco trade. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://imperial-tobacco.com.ua/press/news/imperial_tobacco_position_on_banning_merchandise_display_and_introducing_a_specialized_trade_of_tobacco_products/

[81] Tobacco Tactics. Philip Morris’ PR Campaign Against the Display Ban. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.tobaccotactics.org/index.php?title=Philip_Morris%27_PR_Campaign_Against_the_Display_Ban

[82] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. DECLARATION OF THE COALITION “FOR TOBACCO FREE UKRAINE” ON TESTING KIOSKS IN KYIV THAT IS CONDUCTED BY TOBACCO COMPANIES. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://tobaccocontrol.org.ua/news/zaiava-koalitsiyi-za-vil-nu-vid-tiutiunovogho-dimu-ukrayinu-shchodo-tiestuvannia-kioskiv-u-m-kiievi-iakie-provodit-sia-tiutiunovikami

[83] UKRAINIAN INSTITUTE OF THE FUTURE. THE IMPORTANCE OF REGULATION HAS BEEN PROVED AT THE UKRAINIAN INSTITUTE OF THE FUTURE. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.uifuture.org/en/publications/news/23995-v-ukrainskomu-instituti-majbutnogo-doveli-vazlivist-regulated

[84] Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting. State and tobacco smoking: whether the banning of tobacco display at the point of sale is effective. Analytical report. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019.  http://www.ier.com.ua/files/publications/Policy_papers/IER/2016/State_tobacco_report_13.12.2016.pdf

[85] Infographics 4030a final. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.slideshare.net/Piter234903/infograph-4030a-final

[86] UKRAINIAN INSTITUTE OF THE FUTURE. THE IMPORTANCE OF REGULATION HAS BEEN PROVED AT THE UKRAINIAN INSTITUTE OF THE FUTURE. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.uifuture.org/en/publications/news/23995-v-ukrainskomu-instituti-majbutnogo-doveli-vazlivist-regulated

[87] STOPCOR. Tobacco warfare: How to fight with smoking turns into a corruption scheme. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://stopcor.org/tyutyunovi-viyni-yak-borotba-z-palinnyam-peretvoryuyetsya-v-koruptsiynu-shemu/

[88] NGO Advocacy Center “Life.” NGO LIFE’s STATEMENT ABOUT THE STOP CORRUPTION PROGRAM. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://center-life.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=975&Itemid=31

[89] Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Draft Law “On amendments to some legislative acts of Ukraine (to protect public health from the harmful influence of tobacco smoke)” No. 4030a-1 of 02 Aug. 2016. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=59861

[90] Speech by CEDEM Director Taras Shevchenko on the Rada TV channel. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=641116299618317

[91] Transparency International Ukraine. Infographics. “Lobbyists of tobacco companies”. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://ti-ukraine.org/wp-content/uploads/ti-project-lobists/index.html

[92] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. Infographics. “Lobbyists of tobacco companies”. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://cutt.ly/fw4vgea

[93] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. Infographics. “Lobbyists of tobacco companies”. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://cutt.ly/fw4vgea

[94] The project “Use sickle against rating”. Olena Masorina. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://serpom.org.ua/deputies/masorina-olena-sergiyivna/

[95] “1+1” TV channel. “Money,” Season 12, Issue 283. How schools are guarded and how judicial reform works. – Money. Accessed 25 Sept. 2019. https://1plus1.ua/1plus1video/groshi/12-season/283-vypusk-yak-ohoronyayut-shkoli-i-yak-pracyue-sudova-reforma-groshi#player  Facebook Page: For Tobacco Free Ukraine Coalition. Who is blocking the ban on tobacco advertising in showcases for children? Draft Lawl4030a. Accessed 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=2317665661596677

[96] Facebook Page: For Tobacco Free Ukraine Coalition. Nina Yuzhanina misrepresents the facts related to the anti-tobacco draft laws. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=105550287032098

[97] “Posipaki” project. Kozachenko Leonid Petrovych. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://posipaky.info/mp/10506

[98] “OUR MAXI-TV” YouTube channel. Verkhovna Rada meeting on May 14. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPMlxqLibDM&feature=youtu.be&t=9685

[99] Facebook page: NGO Advocacy Center “Life”. Nina Yuzhanina supports the ban on cigarette display. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=1923195944616384

[100] Ukrainian Center for Tobacco Control. Infographics. “Lobbyists of tobacco companies”. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://cutt.ly/fw4vgea

[101] Wikipedia. “Golden Scythe” anti-award. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0#cite_note-2

[102] ANTICOR. The deception and luxurious life of Petro Poroshenko’s accountant. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://antikor.com.ua/articles/284931-obman_ta_rozkishne_hittja_buhgaltera_petra_poroshenka

[103] The site of Oleksandr Dubinskyi. Nina’s Lemons – a journalistic investigation. Accessed on 25 Sept. 2019. https://dubinsky.pro/limony-niny?fbclid=IwAR34iLZP6FwcD9IEo-c6FA6tJ2D6UhXbR85PZNhNU9xcRtakBC8CDbGJqGQ